Duke of Zhou: the founder of Confucianism, which is most respected by Confucius (picture)

Duke of Zhou is a sage and an example of Confucius. Duke of Zhou is one of the representatives of the wisdom of the Chinese nation.

-----Zhuge Changqing

The Chinese nation has emerged in large numbers.

Many sages and sages in history are admirable.

First of all, what are sages?

Zhuge Changqing believes that sages are people who have high intelligence and moral quality and are willing to silently contribute to the Chinese nation. Those who meet the three conditions of "high intelligence, moral quality and willingness to contribute silently to the Chinese nation" can be called sages. Sages can be divided into three categories: "revealed sages", "reclusive sages", and "sages combined with both".

For example, Fu Xi, Nu Wa, Yan Di, Huang Di, Shen Nong, Yao, Shun, Yu, Jiang Taigong, King Wen of Zhou, King Wu of Zhou, Duke of Zhou, Lao Zi, Confucius, Sun Wu, Gui Guzi, Sun Bin, Fan Li, Zhuang Zi, Mencius, Yan Hui, Zi Lu, Zhu Xi, Sima Qian, Guan Zhong, Le Yi, Huang Shigong, Zhang Liang, Zhuge Liang, Liu Bowen, Xu Maogong, Li Jing, Liu Bingzhong, Yao Guangxiao, Yelu Chucai, Hua Tuo, Sun Simiao, Li Shizhen, Qin Shihuang Li Shimin, Zhao Kuangyin, Genghis Khan, Zhu Yuanzhang, Kangxi.

These people can be regarded as sages of our Chinese nation.

As the sage of Confucianism, Duke of Zhou is undoubtedly the sage worshipped by all dynasties.

It is worthy of our respect and remembrance.

Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, highly respected the Duke of Zhou and took him as his example.

According to Zhuge Changqing's research, Duke of Zhou is filial, benevolent and virtuous, self-cultivation and family unity, knows astronomy, geography, and human affairs, is familiar with the Eight Diagrams of the Book of Changes, holds the magic door of Yin and Yang, is familiar with the way of governing the country, sincerely benefits the people, determines the country with military strategy, and is loyal to the country and the country It can be regarded as one of the representatives of the wisdom of the Chinese nation.

The familiar words such as "Duke of Zhou spits, returns to the world" and "Duke of Zhou interprets dreams" all come from the life story of Duke of Zhou.

In China, Duke of Zhou has become a synonym for sages. People often regard "comparable to Duke of Zhou" as a compliment to sages.

Confucius used to say to his disciples that I often dreamed of Duke of Zhou.

Premier Zhou Enlai worked hard for the country and the people and was praised as "Duke of Zhou". Especially if Zhang Xueliang didn't see Zhou Enlai, he must be called "Duke of Zhou"

Zhuge Changqing studied Confucianism and believed that the thought of Duke Zhou came from King Wen of Zhou. Duke Zhou summarized and formed the basis of Confucianism and was the founder of Confucianism. Confucius studied the thought of Duke of Zhou and summarized it into Confucianism.

Confucius told his disciples that he was happiest when he often dreamed of Duke Zhou.

Zhuge Changqing believes that this dream is to teach ideas across time and space.

It is very good to see that Mr. Jingyuan wrote an article about Duke Zhou. The excerpt shares with you the wisdom of Duke Zhou.

Duke of Zhou (?~1105 BC), whose surname was Ji Mingdan, was the son of King Wen of Zhou and the brother of King Wu.

Because its fiefdom was in the Zhou Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou was called the Duke of Zhou.

The Duke of Zhou has successively assisted King Wu of Zhou to destroy the Shang Dynasty and King Cheng of Zhou to govern the country. His deeds are recorded in the Book of History: "One year to save the chaos, two years to conquer Yin, three years to practice, four years to build the Hou Wei, five years to camp into the Zhou Dynasty, six years to make rites and music, and seven years to become the king."

The Duke of Zhou paid special attention to moral education and ritual making, which had a profound impact on later generations, laid a cultural foundation for the establishment of Confucianism, and was a model of moral personality advocated by Confucius and Confucianism, making the Chinese nation famous in the world for its "enlightened" and "state of etiquette" in ancient times.

After the death of King Wu, his son Cheng Wang was young and was regent by Duke Zhou. The Duke of Zhou formulated a set of laws and regulations for the country. He regarded cultural education as a matter related to the country's great cause for the future. He emphasized the concept of respecting heaven and protecting the people, and put forward the concept of "respecting morality and supporting heaven", "protecting the people and ensuring the people", "striving for agriculture without ease", and "appointing people on merit", and so on, to educate the king and the children of the Zhou family. His teaching to King Cheng was very successful. King Cheng knew many ways to be a king. During the decades before and after his son King Kang was in power, the people lived in peace and the people were honest and honest. History said that after the "civil and military rule" of the Zhou Dynasty, there was a prosperous situation of "the rule of Cheng Kang". The following are some aspects of Duke Zhou's moral education.

（1） Respect the heaven and protect the people, and implement benevolent policies

Zhuge Changqing: Duke Zhou's benevolent government thought laid the foundation of Confucianism. Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and trust have become the Confucian system of benevolent governance.

In the face of the complex situation that the country was initially established, but not yet stable, and internal and external problems followed, the Book of History · Da Gao said: "There are great difficulties in the western land, and people in the western land are not quiet." The Book of History · Zhou Benji also said: "The public are afraid, and Mu Bu." The Duke of Zhou warned King Cheng that only by strengthening self-cultivation and moral integrity can the country created by King Wen be immortal. He stressed that "match virtue with nature", that is to say, we should respect the destiny of heaven, respect the teachings of the emperor and ancestors, and love the people of the world. He told that since the Zhou Dynasty, Hou Ji, Gong Liu, Gu Gongdan's father, Wang Ji, King Wen and other saints have worshipped God and made continuous efforts to improve their moral integrity, thus gaining the protection of God. The emperor has no relatives, but virtue is the supplement. If you violate "virtue", you will be punished by heaven.

The Duke of Zhou collected folk songs from the south of the land of Zhou when King Wen was making ceremonies and making music to show the world and teach people the importance of moral cultivation. The Book of Songs · Elegance · Wen Ping is one of the founding epic poems that the people of Zhou narrated by themselves. As described in it, the virtue of King Wen: "Protect the King of Wen, be careful. Show God, and cherish many blessings. Jue De does not return to accept the country." The Duke of Zhou also wrote a poem "Bin Feng · July" to admonish the king, He was encouraged to be considerate of the people like the ancient sage king. This narrative poem describes the hardships of farmers' farming. The lines between the lines reflect the benevolent thought of the sage king that people's livelihood is the most important. It is also an amazing picture of the production and life of ancient agricultural society, including astronomy, calendar, sowing, medicine, health care and agricultural knowledge.

Virtue is the most commonly used word in Zhou Gao. The Duke of Zhou never deviated from the teachings of King Cheng and his descendants, such as "Wang Qiji respects virtue" ("Zhao Gao"), "you can't respect virtue" ("Wu Yi" (that is, don't seek comfort)), and Wu Yi respects virtue. In the "Prince of the Lord", he exhorted Duke Zhao and himself to respect and assist the king. He said, "You have told me, I dare not prefer God's order, and I cannot always remember the majesty of heaven more than my people." It means: Prince of the Lord, you have said that you agree with me. Yes, I dare not think that I can be content with God's order without efforts, and I dare not respect the majesty of heaven and our people in the long run!

The Duke of Zhou laid emphasis on both speech and teaching, and set an example. He was diligent and devoted to the people all his life, honest and upright, and often carried out moral education for the princes and the people in all directions. For example, he wrote "Duoshi", "Duoduo", "Luogao", "Yili", etc., advocating filial piety, diligence, and ease, educating the people to be upright in mind, and strictly cultivate their moral integrity, so as to achieve the goal of "matching nature with virtue". This is the "people Yi" that people should abide by. This kind of "people Yi" is an important content in the regular education. It is just the so-called "people's justice to Yi, good is virtue" (The Book of Songs · Da Ya · Cheng Min). The Duke of Zhou also put forward the idea of "being clear about morality and prudent in punishment", which requires that the country should be governed by "moral education" and benevolent government should be implemented first. The specific content of "moral education" was summarized by Duke of Zhou as "rule of etiquette" with extensive content, that is, to require that the monarch and his ministers, father and son, and brothers all live in accordance with the existing order of etiquette, so as to achieve a state of harmony and stability and make the world a long-term peace and stability. This idea of "matching the nature with virtue and punishing with prudence" is also pursued by later generations as the principle of governing the country.

（2） Work hard and frugally, and strive to avoid greed and leisure

Zhuge Changqing: Diligence and frugality constitute the basis of Confucian self-cultivation, family management and state governance.

When King Cheng was young, one day he played with his younger brother, Shuyu. King Cheng picked a wutong leaf and gave it to Uncle Yu. He said, "I seal you." Uncle Yu was very happy when he took the leaf. Then he told Duke Zhou about it. Duke Zhou went to ask King Cheng. King Cheng said that he was just joking with his brother. Duke Zhou said frankly, "Honesty is the foundation of a man's life. If you don't want to make a fool of yourself, you should do what you say." King Cheng was deeply ashamed, So Shuyu was granted the title of marquis in the Tang Dynasty. Later, this incident made King Cheng unforgettable, so that he "dared not make jokes, but did what he said" all his life. This is the origin of the allusion "Tong Ye Feng Di", which means that a man should keep his word and act with caution.

The Duke of Zhou wrote "Wuyi" because he was worried that King Cheng wanted to enjoy himself. Taking the demise of the Shang Dynasty as a warning, he warned King Cheng to predict the hardship of farmers' farming and not covet recreational activities such as "watching, enjoying, traveling, and hunting in the field". At the beginning of "Wuyi", he called out, "Wuyi is a gentleman!" The Duke of Zhou listed the Zhongzong, Gaozong and Zujia of the King of Yin, and praised them for their devotion to the city, "governing the people with fear, not daring to waste peace", so he became the "Ming King". He went on to talk about how the people of Zhou started farming, taught people how to harvest and harvest, and believed in frugality for more than ten generations. For example, King Wen taught the people to farm, and sometimes did not even have enough time to eat food from morning to noon. He dared not linger for pleasure and hunting, and did not ask for extraneous things. "Be enlightened, do not speak loudly, do not have a long summer. Do not know, follow the rules of the emperor". The Duke of Zhou also warned King Cheng to be self-conscious and modest, He said, "We should try our best to promote political affairs with all the people. Don't be lenient and say, 'Just play today.' You must know that this is not allowed by the people, nor by heaven. Don't be as confused and drunk as King Zhou of Yin! If someone tells us, 'Some people are scolding you and hating you!' At this time, we should deeply examine ourselves and more strictly cultivate our own virtue."

The Duke of Zhou named his younger brother Kang Shu as the Prince of Wei. Because the place where Kang Shu was granted was the hometown of the Yin people, it was basically a relic of the Shang Dynasty. He warned Uncle Kang, "We should follow the virtues of the sages of the Yin Dynasty to appease and govern the Yin people. After you arrived at the Yin Ruins, you first asked to visit the sages and elders there and ask them to understand the reasons for the rise and fall of the Shang Dynasty. You must love the people. You should treat the people's pain as your own pain. You should always pay attention and be strict with yourself!" Duke Zhou wrote "Kang Gao", "Jiu Gao" Three pieces of "Catalpa Materials" are sent to Uncle Kang. "Kang Gao" emphasizes "Kang Min", "Bao Min" and "Yu Min"; "Jiugao" was issued in response to the prevalence of drinking in the Yin people, requiring people to restrain and control themselves, and never indulge in drinking; "Zi Cai" advocates "Mingde", "always look at the province, and make a check on Zhongde". After arriving at the Yin Ruins, Uncle Kang kept in mind the advice of Duke Zhou, and managed the Wei State successfully. He "united his people" and received the effect of "the people are happy".

（3） Know people well and appoint people on merit

Zhuge Changqing: Confucius learned from Duke Zhou and attached great importance to talents. In order to cultivate talents, he even taught in person, taught without discrimination, and taught according to his aptitude, which is touching. Confucianism attaches great importance to talents. Those who have talent will win the world.

Duke Zhou summed up the experience and lessons of the Xia and Shang dynasties in the Legislative Policy, He said, "The establishment of government means the establishment of integrity." When the Xia and Shang Dynasties were strong and prosperous, it was because they were able to seek for virtue and govern the country, respect God, and the monarchs and ministers practiced a variety of virtues of integrity. But Xia Jie and Shang Zhou only knew that the appointment of the immoral generation would be defeated. King Wu of Wen worshipped God, and accepted the virtue of God to establish the chief marquis for the people. "Duke Zhou warned King Cheng to appoint people on merit, select" lucky men "(virtuous people), and keep away from evil and sycophantic people, The monarchs and ministers must guard against arrogance and escape, and distinguish right from wrong. With regard to the selection of talents, Duke Zhou mentioned the appointment of people with nine virtues: broad-minded and resolute, gentle and upright, willing and respectful, disorderly and respectful, disturbing and resolute, straight and warm, simple and honest, rigid and stuffy, strong and righteous.

When the Duke of Zhou sent his son Boqin to take office in the State of Lu, he told him to be cautious in governing the country, be modest and respectful, He wrote in the book of warning birds: "Don't neglect and despise talents just because you are enslaved to the State of Lu. I am the son of King Wen, the brother of King Wu, and the uncle of King Cheng, and I also have the important task of assisting the king. My position in the world can't be considered low. However, once bathing, you should stop many times, hold your hair and receive the guests; after eating a meal, you should stop many times to receive the guests, lest you lose talents due to neglect." Boqin lived up to his expectations and managed the State of Lu very well within a few years. And Duke Zhou's spirit of "one bath, three shakes, one meal, three spits and feeds" has also been praised by later generations.

Because of the teachings and advocacy of the Duke of Zhou, the "king's style" of the early Zhou Dynasty was not easy to govern. King Cheng said to the Duke of Zhou, "You assiduously assisted me as a young man, instructed me to carry forward the deeds of King Wen and King Wu, to answer the destiny of heaven, and to appease all the people, and I obeyed all your teachings." King Cheng promoted good virtue and was loved by others, and recorded that "the hypocritical gentleman, shows the virtue of order, is suitable for the people and people, receives the reward in heaven, protects the right life, and extends it from heaven". After the death of Duke of Zhou, King Cheng did not forget his teachings and dared not seek comfort. After the death of King Cheng, King Kang, Grand Shih Shao Gong, and Grand Protector Bi Gong continued to adhere to the teachings of Duke Zhou. They should be frugal, not lustful, and focus on self-cultivation and moral integrity.

（4） Etiquette and music education, people enjoy virtue

Zhuge Changqing: Confucius learned from Duke Zhou to vigorously promote the education of rites and music, with the purpose of returning people to good morality and ethics.

The Duke of Zhou "imitates the law of heaven" to make rituals and make music, which is used to regulate and cultivate people's morality and behavior, and greatly promote culture and education. The contents of "Zhou Li" are extremely rich, ranging from Jiuzhou to Jiuzhou in the world, with astronomical and calendar images; As small as ditches and roads, plants, insects and fish. The system of every state, etiquette, music, culture and education, taxes and expenses, meals and clothing, sleeping temples, carriages and horses, farmers and merchants, medical divination, craft production, various famous objects, laws and regulations, and systems are all included. As far as the national code is concerned, everything is also in order, which makes people feel like "ruling the world like a finger in the palm", and makes ethics and moral norms run through all fields. The content of rites and music is also very extensive. The Duke of Zhou's music not only includes music, but also includes poetry, dance and other contents. A complete set of perfect systems related to "rites" and "music" has been established systematically.

Ritual and music education enables people to cultivate their character, understand the way of heaven, worship the gods, be modest and polite, and be dignified and orderly. At that time, etiquette and music flourished all over the world, and people heard the praises of peace everywhere. It was exactly "the country is peaceful and the people are in good weather", and the people are in peace and contentment. Duke Zhou has rich experience in the social education of observing folk customs and transforming folk customs. He advocates guiding according to the situation and advocating "being accessible to the people", so he has won the hearts of the people. Xunzi praised the Duke of Zhou in the "King System" and said, "So Duke of Zhou marched south and the North complained, saying, 'Why don't you come here alone!' When he marched east and the West complained, he said, 'Why don't you come here alone!' Who can fight with him! An took his country as the king." It means that when Duke of Zhou marched south, the people of the North complained and said, "Why don't you come here alone?" When Duke of Zhou marched east, People in western countries complained and said, "Why are we left behind?" Imagine who else can fight against such people? Therefore, anyone who can do the same for his country can be king in the world.

The system of rites and music, known as the code of the Duke of Zhou, has had an important impact on the formation of traditional culture's emphasis on rites and justice and honest folk customs. Throughout the history of Chinese civilization, all sages and philosophers have attached great importance to the cultivation of moral personality, emphasizing the respect for heaven, morality, and the protection of the people, conforming to the principles of heaven and earth and caring for others, so that they can be attributed to the righteous principles of heaven and earth. Many people with lofty ideals have taken this as their lifelong pursuit. These moral concepts have run through the long history of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. (Author: Jing Yuan)

Reference materials of this article: 1. Jingyuan's online materials of "Zhou Gongdan Upholds Morality and Education"

2. A Study of Zhuge Changqing's Confucianism

amitabha. Blessed life is limitless. Confucius, the supreme teacher of Dacheng.

Don't do any evil, and do all good. Persistence and responsiveness.

Zhuge Changqing wishes all the people who are destined to respect their parents and do good deeds and accumulate virtue rich and auspicious!

周公：孔子最推崇的儒家思想奠基人（图）
周公，是孔子推崇的圣人和学习的榜样。周公，中华民族智慧代表之一。

----- 诸葛长青

   中华民族名人辈出。

   历史上许多圣贤令人敬仰。

   首先说什么是圣贤？

   诸葛长青认为，圣贤就是具备高度智慧和道德素养，并愿意为中华民族默默奉献自己的人。符合这“高度智慧、道德素养、愿意为中华民族默默奉献”三个条件，就可以称为圣贤。圣贤分为“显示的圣贤”、“隐居的圣贤”、“显隐结合的圣贤”三类。

    譬如：伏羲、女娲，炎帝、黄帝、神农，尧、舜、禹，姜太公、周文王、周武王、周公，老子、孔子、孙武、鬼谷子、孙膑、范蠡、庄子、孟子、颜回、子路、朱熹、司马迁，管仲、乐毅、黄石公、张良、诸葛亮、刘伯温、徐茂公、李靖、刘秉忠、姚广孝、耶律楚材，华佗、孙思邈、李时珍，秦始皇、李世民、赵匡胤、成吉思汗、朱元璋、康熙.......。

   这些人都可以看做我们中华民族的圣贤。

   作为儒家思想圣贤的周公，无疑是历代都推崇的圣贤。

   更是值得我们推崇怀念。

   儒家思想创始人孔子，十分推崇周公，把周公作为自己的榜样。

   诸葛长青研究认为，周公孝敬仁义、修身齐家，上知天文、下知地理、中通人事，熟悉周易八卦、手握阴阳奇门，谙熟治国之道、诚心造福百姓，文韬武略定国家，忠心国家安社稷......可以看做是中华民族智慧的代表之一。

    大家熟悉的“周公吐哺、天下归心”、“周公解梦”等词语都是来自周公的人生故事。

   在中国，周公，已经成为一个圣贤的代名词。人们常常把“堪比周公”作为对圣贤的褒扬。

   孔子当年经常和弟子们说：我经常梦到周公.......。

   周恩来总理为国为民辛苦奉献一生，被人们赞为“周公”。尤其是张学良没见周恩来，必称“周公”......

    诸葛长青研究儒家思想认为：周公的思想来自周文王，周公总结形成了儒家思想的基础，是儒家思想奠基人。孔子学习周公思想，总结形成了儒家思想。

   孔子告诉弟子们，自己最开心的是经常梦到周公。

   诸葛长青认为，这种梦境是跨越时空传授思想。

    看到“静远”先生写了关于周公的文章，非常好，摘录与大家一起分享周公智慧。

   周公（？～公元前1105） 姓姬名旦，周文王的儿子，武王的弟弟。

   因其封地采邑在周，爵为上公，故称为周公。

    周公曾先后辅助周武王灭商、周成王治国，他的事迹在《尚书·大传》中记载：“一年救乱，二年克殷，三年践奄，四年建侯卫，五年营成周，六年制礼乐，七年致政成王。”

   周公特别重视道德教化和制礼作乐，对后世产生了深远的影响，为儒学的创立奠定了文化基础，是孔子儒家推崇的道德人格典范，使中华民族在古代就以“教化有方”、“礼仪之邦”而著称于世界。

   武王死后，其子成王年幼，由周公摄政。周公为国家制定了一整套典章制度，他把文化教育视为关乎国家千秋大业的事情，强调敬天保民理念，提出“明德配天”、“恤民安民”、“力农无逸”、“任人唯贤”等，并以此教育成王及周室子弟。他对成王的教诲非常成功，成王明了许多为君之道，与其儿子康王在位前后几十年时间，百姓安居，民风淳厚，史称继周代“文武之治”后又出现了“成康之治”的盛世局面。以下为周公進行德教的几个方面。

   （一）敬天保民，推行仁政

     诸葛长青：周公的仁政思想奠定了儒家思想基础。仁义礼智信，成为儒家的仁政思想体系。

   面对国家初立，尚未稳固，内忧外患接踵而来的复杂形势，《尚书·大诰》说：“有大艰于西土，西土人亦不静。”《史记·周本记》也说：“群公惧，穆卜。”周公告诫成王只有加强修己明德，才能使文王开创的国祚永年。他强调“以德配天”，也就是要恭行天命，尊崇天帝与祖先的教诲，爱护天下的百姓。他讲述自周代后稷、公刘、古公亶父、王季、文王等圣君敬事上帝，不断努力進德修业，因此而获得上天的佑护。皇天无亲，惟德是辅，如违“德”，则必受上天惩罚。

    周公为制礼作乐曾采集文王时周地以南的民歌，昭示天下，教人们懂得道德修养的重要性，《诗经·大雅·文平》就是周人自叙开国史诗之一，如其中记述的文王德行：“维此文王，小心翼翼。昭事上帝，聿怀多福。厥德不回，以受方国。”周公还作诗《豳风·七月》以诫成王，勉励他要像古圣王那样体恤百姓。这篇叙事诗描述了农民稼穑之艰辛，字里行间体现了圣王以民生为重的仁爱思想，也是一篇令人叹为观止的上古农业社会生产生活图，涵括了天文、历法、播种、医药养生及农业知识等多方面内容。

    德在周诰中是最常用的词，周公对成王及周室子弟教诲中口不离德，如他教诲成王：“王其疾敬德”（《召诰》）、“不可不敬德”（《无逸》（即不要贪图安逸）），无逸即敬德。他在《君奭》中勉召公与己敬辅成王，说：“君已曰时我，我亦不敢宁于上帝命，弗永远念天威越我民”，意思是说：君奭啊，您已说同意我的看法对，我也不敢以为可以安于天命而不努力，不敢不长远敬念上天之威严与我百姓啊！

    周公既重言教，又重身教，以身作则，堪称表率。他一生勤政爱民，清正廉洁，对四方诸侯和百姓经常進行德行规范教育。如他写的《多士》、《多方》、《洛诰》、《仪礼》等，提倡孝友、勤劳、无逸，教育人民心思端正，严格修身，从而达到“以德配天”的目地。这就是要人们所遵守的“民彝”，这种“民彝”是常规教育中的一项重要内容，正所谓“民之秉彝，好是懿德”（《诗经·大雅·丞民》）。周公还提出了“明德慎罚”的思想，这种主张要求首先用“德教”的办法治理国家，推行仁政。“德教”的具体内容，周公归纳为内容广博的“礼治”，即要求君臣上下、父子兄弟都按既有的礼节秩序去生活，从而达到和谐安定的境界，使天下长治久安。这种“以德配天，明德慎罚”的思想，也为后世作为治国原则所奉行。

   （二）克勤克俭，力戒贪逸

    诸葛长青：勤俭节约构成了儒家的修身持家治国基础。

   成王年幼的时候，有一天，他与小弟叔虞在一起玩耍。成王随手采了一片梧桐树叶送给叔虞，随口道：“我封你。”叔虞接过树叶后非常高兴，随后把这件事告诉给周公，周公于是前去询问成王，成王说他只不过是跟弟弟开玩笑罢了，周公正色说道：“诚信乃立身之本。人主无过举，不当有戏言，言之必行之。”成王深感惭愧，于是把叔虞封于唐地为应侯。这件事后来使成王没齿难忘，以致终身“不敢有戏言，言必行之”。这是“桐叶封弟”典故的由来，喻义做人要言而有信，谨言慎行。

    周公因担心成王贪图享乐，作《无逸》，以殷商的灭亡为前车之鉴，告诫成王要先知农民耕作艰辛，不要贪图“于观、于逸、于游、于田（田猎）”等娱乐活动。《无逸》开篇即呼：“呜呼，君子所其无逸！”周公列举了殷王中宗、高宗、祖甲，赞扬他们皆能虔城地祭祀，“治民祇惧，不敢荒宁”，因此而成为“明王”。他接着又讲了周人农业起家，教民稼穑，自奉节俭，十几代了都是这样，如文王教导百姓种田，从早到过午有时连饭都来不及吃，他不敢盘桓逸乐游猎，不索取分外的东西，“予怀明德，不大声以色，不长夏以革。不识不知，顺帝之则”。周公还告诫成王要克己自谦，说：“要尽力和万民共同推行政事。不要姑且自宽，说：‘只在今天玩一下。’须知道这不是人民所允许，也不是上天所允许的。千万不要像殷王纣那样迷乱和狂饮无度啊！如果有人告诉说：‘有些民众在骂你恨你呀！’这时更应当深自省察，更加严格地修明自己的德行。”

   周公封小弟康叔为卫君，由于康叔受封之地是殷人故地，基本上是商朝的遗民。他告诫康叔：“我们应效法殷代先世圣王的德行，去安抚和治理殷民。你到殷墟后，首先要求访那里的贤人长者，向他们讨教商朝前兴后亡的原因，一定要爱护百姓，你要把人民的苦痛当作自己的苦痛一样，你应时时注意，严格要求自己啊！”周公又写了《康诰》、《酒诰》、《梓材》三篇文告送给康叔。《康诰》强调的是“康民”、“保民”、“裕民”；《酒诰》是针对殷民饮酒成风而发的，要求人们要克制、管束自己，切莫放纵饮酒；《梓材》是提倡“明德”，“永观省，作稽中德”。康叔到殷墟后，牢记周公的叮嘱，治理卫国取得了成功，“和集其民”，收到了“民大悦”的效果。

  （三）识人有方，任人唯贤

    诸葛长青：孔子学习周公，十分注重人才，为了培养人才，甚至亲自任教、有教无类、因材施教，令人感动。儒家思想对人才十分重视。得人才者得天下、定天下啊。

   周公在《立政》中总结了夏商两代用人之得失的经验教训，说：“‘立政’意为‘立正’。夏商强大昌盛时，是由于得力于求贤治国，尊敬上帝，君臣们身体力行于所诚信的多种德行。而夏桀、商纣只知道任用缺德之辈因此而败亡。文王武王敬奉上帝，承上帝之德为人民建立了正长侯伯。”周公告诫成王要任人唯贤，选拔“吉士”（有德之士），远离邪佞之人，君臣上下必须戒骄戒逸，明辨是非。关于选拔人才，周公提到了任用具有宽而栗、柔而立、愿而恭、乱而敬、扰而毅、直而温、简而廉、刚而塞、强而义九种品德的人。

    周公在送儿子伯禽去鲁国就任时，嘱咐他一定要谨慎治国，谦虚做人，恭敬待人，他在《诫伯禽书》中写道：“你不要因为受封于鲁国就怠慢、轻视人才。我是文王的儿子，武王的弟弟，成王的叔叔，又身兼辅佐君王的重任，我在天下的地位也不能算轻贱的了。可是，一次沐浴，要多次停下来，握着自己已散的头发，接待前来的宾客；吃一顿饭，要多次停下来，接待宾客，惟恐因怠慢而失去人才。”伯禽没有辜负他的期望，没过几年就把鲁国治理得非常好。而周公“一沐三握发，一饭三吐哺”礼贤下士的精神也一直为后人所称道。

   由于周公的教诲、倡导，造成了周初为政无逸的“王风”。成王对周公说：“您勤勉辅佐我这个年轻人，指示我弘扬文王、武王之功业，奉答天命，和抚万民，您的教导，我无不顺从。”成王弘扬善德，受人爱戴，史载其“假乐君子，显显令德，宜民宜人，受禄于天，保右命之，自天申之”。周公死后，成王不忘其教诲，不敢贪求安逸。成王死后，康王、太师召公、太保毕公等，仍坚持周公的遗教，务在节俭，毋多欲，以修身明德为要。

  （四）礼乐教化，人乐其德

   诸葛长青：孔子学习周公大力推广礼乐教化，目的是使人回归善德、回归伦理大道。

    周公“效法天道”制礼作乐，用以规范和涵养人的道德和行为，大兴文教。《周礼》的内容极为丰富，大至天下九州，天文历象；小至沟渠道路，草木虫鱼。凡邦国建制，礼乐文教，赋税度支，膳食衣饰，寝庙车马，农商医卜，工艺制作，各种名物、典章、制度，无所不包。就国家典制，一切也都井然，让人有“治天下如指之掌中”的感觉，使伦理道德规范贯穿各个领域。礼乐的内容也十分广泛，周公作乐，不仅包括乐曲，而且还包括诗歌、舞蹈等项内容，系统地建立起了一整套有关“礼”、“乐”的完善制度。

   礼乐教化使人修身养性，体悟天道，祭祀神明，谦和有礼，威仪有序。当时天下礼乐大兴，处处闻太平歌颂之声，正可谓“国泰民安，风调雨顺”，百姓各安其业。周公在观民风、化民俗的社会教化方面有丰富的经验，主张因势利导，提倡“平易近民”，所以深得民心。荀子在《王制》篇中盛赞周公说：“故周公南征而北国怨，曰：‘何独不来也！’东征而西国怨，曰：‘何独后我也！’孰能有与是斗者与！安以其国为是者王。”意思是说：当周公南征的时候，北方国家的百姓就埋怨着说：“为什么单单不到我们这里来呀！”当周公东征的时候，西方国家的百姓就埋怨着说：“为什么单单把我们放在后面呀！”试想还有谁能和这样的人抗争呢？因此凡有能够把他的国家照这样做的，就能称王于天下了。

   礼乐制度被称为周公之典，对传统文化注重礼义和淳厚民风的形成产生了重要影响。纵观中华文明史上的圣贤哲人，无不重视道德人格培养，强调敬天、敬德、保民等，顺应天地之道并关爱他人，使其归于天理正道，许多仁人志士都以此为毕生的追求，这些道德理念流贯在中华民族绵延数千年的漫长历史中。（作者：静远）

    本文参考资料：1、静远 《周公旦尚德重教》网络资料

                  2、诸葛长青儒家思想研究

阿弥陀佛。福生无量天尊。大成至圣先师孔子。

诸恶莫作，众善奉行。持之以恒、有求必应。       

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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